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Indigenous people in the Australian political system
Haut, Šimon ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
This thesis describes the situation of indigenous people in Australia. However, before it is possible to approach the Australian aborigines, it is necessary to outline some theoretical concepts that can be used in the investigation of this issue. In this case, theories from the field of International Relations and International Law will provide us with basics framework. International organizations are also significantly involved in the whole issue, and they are also discussed in this thesis. This list is followed by examples from Sweden, Norway, Canada and New Zealand. All these countries have their own indigenous people and each of them has taken a different approach in dealing with the issue of their respected minority. Their examples show us where Australia could go. Thesis then examines the concepts and changes introduced by individual Australian governments since 1970. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing the Labor Party and Liberal Party governments, as we expect differences in the chosen approaches. A constructed timeline and selected laws and court decisions are used to analyse these differences.
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Possibilities for maintaining the Cultural Identity of the Nahuas from the Northeastern Mountains of the Puebla State: The Case of the Organization Union de Cooperativas Tosepan Titatiniske
Bernkopfová, Michala ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee) ; Vrhel, František (referee)
This work deals with the issues of cultural identity of ethnic groups in the modern Mexican society, explores its characteristics and essence and searches for possibilities of its maintenance. The central question is, which way indigenous groups can develop their culture freely in the modern Mexican society, and so keep their own peculiarity and identity. The main instrument is a case study of Nahua communities occupying the territory of the Northeastern mountain range of the Mexican state of Puebla, which is in the sphere of influence of the organization called Unión de Cooperativas Tosepan Titataniske, seeking to improve the standard of living and strengthen the cultural identity of the villagers in the region. An ethno-historical study of the Nahua communities living in the particular region, completed with an analysis of the contemporary inhabitants' cultural identity based on a field research, shows that indigenous cultures can keep their identity in spite of significant external interference into their traditional way of life in the course of centuries and that the continuity of their identity is not dependent on maintaining concrete, time conditioned cultural manifestations. On the contrary, important factors for keeping cultural identity are the functional continuity of a given group and...
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EZLN and changes in Mexican society
Kinský, Václav ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This disertation is about an indian uprising in Mexico in January 1994. The work at first summarizes the history of Mexico and it's development of guerrilla. Then it tries to characterize Zapatista movement, it's internal structure and a view of an internetional law. Therefore it says basic diferences between guerrilla, terrorist organization and activist movement. In another part I do an analysis of chosen documents. Specifically it's the first Declaration of the Lacandona jungle, second Declaration of the Lacandona jungle, Revolutionary laws and as last Requirements introduced at the beginning of the negotiation on 21 February 1994. The work deals with overall analysis of the presented documents and the main examined section becomes a problem with formation of identity. It's closely related with conversion movement from peasant movement to movement fighting for laws of indigenous habitants
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Stolen generation in Australia
Valentová, Zuzana ; Armand, Louis (advisor) ; Kolinská, Klára (referee)
The main theme of this thesis is Australia's "Stolen Generation." This term refers to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children who were removed by force from their families between the years 1909 - 1969. However, these years are only unofficial numbers and it is known that the removals took place even before and after this period. The aim of this policy was to assimilate the Aboriginal people in order to educate them in the British manner. This policy was an act of cruelty and abuse since the children were brought away from their families and put into state institutions or foster care to suppress their culture. The aim of the thesis is to portray the development of the Aboriginal culture; beginning with the situation prior to British colonization and ending with the current situation in Australia. The thesis analyses the situation during the colonization and after it because the process of colonization caused further changes. It demonstrates the inability of the Indigenous people to assimilate to the new lifestyle. After the colonization, the Aborigines were deprived of their land and their traditional culture. The worst policies were the removals of so-called 'half-caste' children from their families, which were nothing less than forcible removals that were done without any permission from their...
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Imagining the West: Marginality and Possible Lives at the Outskirts of a Mexican City
Heřmanová, Marie ; Stöckelová, Tereza (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee) ; Grill, Jan (referee)
PhD Thesis Summary: Imagining the West: Marginality and Possible Lives at the Outskirts of a Mexican City Mgr. Marie Heřmanová The thesis aims to develop various results of a long-term fieldwork in the city of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México, where rural-urban migration was pervasive since the 1960s. The research concentrated on the second generation of Tzotzil and Tzeltal migrants living at the suburbs of the city. Young indigenous people, whose parents came to the city to seek jobs, are now completely bilingual (they speak their maternal language - mostly Tzotzil as well as spanish they have learned in the school in the city). They mostly work in the same areas as the first generation migrants - as shop-keepers, souvenirs sellers or street-food vendors. They are thus in everyday interaction with both tourist and expats in the city centre. These interactions and meetings are in the context of the thesis seen as a consitutive element to imageries of mobility, modernity and Western lifestyles developed by the the young indigenous people from the suburbs. The concept if "Imaginary West" (Yurchak 2005) is central in the thesis, an unseen and yet ever-present homeland of the tourists and most importantly a place where "better lives" happen. The text explores how the search for...
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Political participation of indigenous peoples - recent developments in MAS Era Bolivia
Laine, Siru Pauliina
This thesis examines the impact of the actions of the current Bolivian government on the country's indigenous population and their opportunities for political participation. The theoretical part defines factors affecting political participation in general and presents political theories that have had an important role in both, the formation and the current policy of the ruling party, Moviemiento al Socialismo (MAS). The analytical part concentrates on various factors influencing the position of the indigenous peoples and their political role in Bolivia and on the legislative changes that have shaped the situation bringing it to its current state. In the discussion, the different aspects of the issues are combined in order to understand the challenges that the indigenous people face in the present context, after which possible future actions are suggested. The thesis concludes by arguing that the legislative changes and the other actions of the MAS government have affected the indigenous people of Bolivia in positive and negative ways. Their political participation has increased and the situation of human development has improved, but at the same time, issues exist because of incomplete rights to autonomy and problems with protecting indigenous territories from natural resource extraction.
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Imagining the West: Marginality and Possible Lives at the Outskirts of a Mexican City
Heřmanová, Marie ; Stöckelová, Tereza (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee) ; Grill, Jan (referee)
PhD Thesis Summary: Imagining the West: Marginality and Possible Lives at the Outskirts of a Mexican City Mgr. Marie Heřmanová The thesis aims to develop various results of a long-term fieldwork in the city of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México, where rural-urban migration was pervasive since the 1960s. The research concentrated on the second generation of Tzotzil and Tzeltal migrants living at the suburbs of the city. Young indigenous people, whose parents came to the city to seek jobs, are now completely bilingual (they speak their maternal language - mostly Tzotzil as well as spanish they have learned in the school in the city). They mostly work in the same areas as the first generation migrants - as shop-keepers, souvenirs sellers or street-food vendors. They are thus in everyday interaction with both tourist and expats in the city centre. These interactions and meetings are in the context of the thesis seen as a consitutive element to imageries of mobility, modernity and Western lifestyles developed by the the young indigenous people from the suburbs. The concept if "Imaginary West" (Yurchak 2005) is central in the thesis, an unseen and yet ever-present homeland of the tourists and most importantly a place where "better lives" happen. The text explores how the search for...
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EZLN and changes in Mexican society
Kinský, Václav ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This disertation is about an indian uprising in Mexico in January 1994. The work at first summarizes the history of Mexico and it's development of guerrilla. Then it tries to characterize Zapatista movement, it's internal structure and a view of an internetional law. Therefore it says basic diferences between guerrilla, terrorist organization and activist movement. In another part I do an analysis of chosen documents. Specifically it's the first Declaration of the Lacandona jungle, second Declaration of the Lacandona jungle, Revolutionary laws and as last Requirements introduced at the beginning of the negotiation on 21 February 1994. The work deals with overall analysis of the presented documents and the main examined section becomes a problem with formation of identity. It's closely related with conversion movement from peasant movement to movement fighting for laws of indigenous habitants
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EZLN and changes in Mexican society
Kinský, Václav ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This disertation is about an indian uprising in Mexico in January 1994. The work at first summarizes the history of Mexico and it's development of guerrilla. Then it tries to characterize Zapatista movement, it's internal structure and a view of an internetional law. Therefore it says basic diferences between guerrilla, terrorist organization and activist movement. In another part I do an analysis of chosen documents. Specifically it's the first Declaration of the Lacandona jungle, second Declaration of the Lacandona jungle, Revolutionary laws and as last Requirements introduced at the beginning of the negotiation on 21 February 1994. The work deals with overall analysis of the presented documents and the main examined section becomes a problem with formation of identity. It's closely related with conversion movement from peasant movement to movement fighting for laws of indigenous habitants
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